The concept underpinning financial exchanges can be traced back through much of human history. In Aristotle's Politics, "...there is the anecdote of Thales and his financial device.... he knew by his skill in the stars while it was yet winter that there would be a great harvest of olives in the coming year; so, having little capital, he gave earnest-money for the use of all the olive-press in Chios and Miletus, which he hired at a low price because no one bid against him. When the harvest-time came, and many wanted them all at once and of a sudden, he let them out at any rate which he pleased, and made a quantity of money..." While technology has moved on, the basic principle of futures and options exchanges remains the same. Participants in the market can take the role of Thales (using their insight to bet on price increases), the olive-press-owners (who hedged that Thales' price for the future was higher than they would otherwise get) or even investors who provide 'earnest money' to Thales (assuming markets will rise) or fund the olive-presses (assuming prices will fall).